Pioneering Ideas for the Physical and Chemical Sciences

Josef Loschmidt's Contributions and Modern Developments in Structural Organic Chemistry, Atomistics, and Statistical Mechanics

Proceedings of the Josef Loschmidt Symposium, held June 25 - 27, 1995, in Vienna, Austria

Edited by

W. Fleischhacker
Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry
University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria

and

T. Schönfeld
Institute for Inorganic Chemistry
University of Vienna
Vienna, Austria

Plenum Press - New York and London

CONTENTS

Organic Structural Chemistry

1. The Significance of the Hydrogen Bond for Physiology:
   Aromatic Rings as Hydrogen Bond Acceptors* (p. 1)
   Max F. Perutz

2. Natural Product Structure Elucidation: 1950 -- 2000* (p. 15)
   Carl Djerassi

3. Conformational Analysis: The Elevation of Two-Dimensional Formulas into the Third Dimension* (p. 25)
   Emest L. Eliel

4. Thoughts and Experiments on a Chemical Etiology of Nucleic Acid Structure* (p. 41)
   Albert Eschenmoser

5. Loschmidt's Graphic Formulae of 1861:
   Forerunners of Modern Structural Formulae* (p. 65)
   Alfred Bader

6. Spheres from Dalton to Loschmidt:
   Insights into the Ways of Thinking of a Genius (p. 81)
   Günter P. Schiemenz

7. Josef Loschmidt's Last Scientific Publication: "Stereochemische Studien l"† (p. 89)
   Christian R. Noe

8. Richard Anschütz, Archibald Scott Couper, and Josef Loschmidt† (p. 101)
   Alfred Bader

9. Organic Chemistry in Austria and Loschmidt's "Chemische Studien" † (p. 109)
   Robert Rosner

10. Loschmidt and Venn: Symbolic Logic in Chemistry and Mathematics† (p. 119)
    Ian D. Rae

11. Loschmidt's Achievements and Shortcomings in Elucidating the Structure of Organic Molecules‡ (p. 129)
    Raluca-Silvia Moraru and Edwin Scheiber

12. Configurational Stability and Reactions of Benzylic Carbanions with an Acyloxy or Dialkylphosphoryloxy Substituent† (p. 133)

    Physics and Physical Chemistry

13. The Precise Deterrnination of Loschmidt's Number (Avogadro Constant) as a Step towards a Redefinition of the SI Unit of Mass* (p. 139)
    Peter Becker

14. Loschmidt's Reversibility Argument and the H-Theorem* (p. 153)
    Herbert Spohn

15. The Arrow of Time: Statistics and the Universe* (p. 159)
    Hermann Bondi

16. Stability of Matter* (p. 163)
    Walter Thirring

17. Visualization and Nanomanipulation of Molecules in the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope* (p. 179)
    Wolfgang M. Heckl

18. Considerations about the "Constitution of the Ether" † (p. 193)
    Viktor Gutmann

19. Four Papers by Loschmidt on the State of Thermal Equilibrium† (p. 199)
    Dieter Flamm

20. Loschmidt's Papers "Experimental-Untersuchungen über die Diffusion von Gasen ohne Poröse Scheidewände" † (p. 203)
    Othmar Preining

21. The Periodic System of the Elements and Prout's Hypothesis:
    Use and Interpretation by Josef Loschmidt† (p. 207)
    Michael Jenner

22. Josef Loschmidt and the Reality of Molecules† (p. 217)
    Henk Kubbinga

23. Loschmidt's Article "On the Size of Air Molecules" and Subsequent Work on Related Aspects of Atomistics† (p. 223)
    Nikolaus Bachmayer and Thomas Schönfeld

24. Microscopic Time-Reversibility and Macroscopic Irreversibility -
    Still a Paradox? † (p. 233)
    Harald A. Posch, Christoph Dellago, William G. Hoover, and Oyeon Kum

25. Imaging of Atomic Structures of Metals and Alloys by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy‡ (p. 249)
    H. Peter Karnthaler, Thomas Waitz, Bemhard Mingler, and Christian Rentenberger

26. Trace Gas Analysis with Integrating Spheres‡ (p. 257)
    Heinz Schimpl, Heinrich Hess, Anton Ziegler, and Stefan Brandes

    Loschmidt's Biography, Loschmidt's World

27. Josef Loschmidt - Some Biographical Remarks† (p. 263)
    Hannelore Sexl

28. From Curiosity to Passion:
    Loschmidt's Route from Philosophy to Natural Science† (p. 269)
    Peter M. Schuster

29. Scientific Discussion and Friendship between Loschmidt and Boltzmann† (p. 277)
    Dieter Flamm

30. Josef Loschmidt's Economic Ideas: Protective Tariffs and National Welfare† (p. 283)
    Fritz Weber

31. Chemical Education in the Habsburg Monarchy's Universities and Technical Colleges around 1861† (p. 289)
    Alois Kernbauer

32. The Development of Chemical Formutae and Equations:
    An Evaluation of School Textbooks of the Period 1830-1871‡ (p. 297)
    Kurt Kölli

33. The Leading Chemical Company in the Habsburg Empire:
    "Der Österreichische Verein für chemische und metallurgische Produktion zu Aussig a.d. Elbe" † (p. 301)
    Klaus Oberhummer

*Plenary lecture
† Sectional lecture
‡ Poster presentation

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